NR507 Week 8 Final Exam

NR507 Week 8 Final Exam

Which of the following occurs with mild cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease as a result of a reduced hippocampus size?
Answers: A – D

  1. Poor decision-making
    B. Decreased long-term memory
    C. Decreased short-term memory
    D. Altered speech pattern

Which of the following is the cause of polyphagia associated with type 1 diabetes?
Answers: A – D

  1. Overutilization of glucose
    B. Fluid loss in osmotic diuresis and the loss of body tissue
    C. Osmotic pull of water from body cells results in dehydration
    D. Depletion of cellular stores of carbohydrates, fats, and protein results in cellular starvation ✅

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis?
Answers: A – D

  1. Vitamin B-12 deficiency
    B. Vitamin C deficiency
    C. Epstein-Barr infection
    D. Alcohol ingestion

Increasing evidence reveals that pharmacotherapy alone is not effective in preventing the recurrences of bipolar disorder. Which of the following is an additional strategy that is recommended in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
Answers: A – D

  1. Psychosocial interventions
    B. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
    C. Individual counseling
    D. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Which of the following is the most significant difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis?
Answers: A – D

  1. Cyanosis is common in emphysema and less common in chronic bronchitis
    B. The damage of emphysema occurs in the alveoli while the damage of chronic bronchitis occurs in the airway ✅
    C. A productive cough is an early sign in emphysema while chronic bronchitis is characterized by cough later in the disease
    D. A barrel chest is less common in emphysema than in chronic bronchitis

The NP notes that a female client presents with a facial rash confined to the cheeks, proteinuria, photosensitivity, and blood positive for antinuclear antibody (ANA). Which of the following is a likely diagnosis?
Answers: A – D

  1. Autoimmune thyroiditis
    B. Rheumatoid arthritis
    C. Serum sickness
    D. Systemic lupus erythematosus

A 26-year-old client presents with positive signs of schizophrenia during an evaluation. Which of the following symptoms is categorized as a positive sign in schizophrenia?
Answers: A – D

  1. Social withdrawal and isolation
    B. Lack of motivation and anhedonia
    C. Flat affect and emotional blunting
    D. Auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions

What neurotransmitter imbalance is commonly associated with the pathophysiology of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Answers: A – D

  1. Abnormalities in the norepinephrine and serotonin systems
    B. Serotonin deficiency in the frontal cortex
    C. Dopamine excess in the limbic system
    D. Acetylcholine overactivity in the hippocampus

What is the key feature of the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis?
Answers: A – D

  1. Presence of strictures and cobblestone appearance in the affected areas
    B. Continuous inflammation starting from the rectum and extending proximally
    C. Formation of granulomas and skip lesions in the colon
    D. Transmural inflammation involving all layers of the bowel wall

A 32-year-old client presents with persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of their life, including work, family, and health, lasting for at least six months. The client reports feeling restless, fatigued, and irritable, with muscle tension and difficulty concentrating. After diagnosing the client with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), which of the following is a first-line medication that the NP could prescribe?
Answers: A – D

  1. Venlafaxine (Effexor)
    B. All choices are correct
    C. Paroxetine (Paxil)
    D. Escitalopram (Lexapro)

A 28-year-old female presents to the clinic with a 4-month history of intermittent abdominal pain that feels like “burning in the upper part of my stomach.” It occurs most often 1 hour after a meal. These symptoms are consistent with what type of ulcer?
Answers: A – D

  1. Gastric ulcer
    B. Acute gastritis
    C. Stress ulcer
    D. Duodenal ulcer

What is the primary goal of treatment for ascites in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver?
Answers: A – D

  1. Complete resolution of ascitic fluid
    B. Improvement of liver enzyme levels
    C. Alleviation of symptoms and prevention of complications
    D. Reduction of portal hypertension

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of GERD?
Answers: A – D

  1. Hiatal hernia
    B. Umbilical hernia
    C. Taking beta blockers
    D. Cachexia

Where is peptic ulcer disease least likely to occur?
Answers: A – D

  1. Esophagus
    B. Large intestine
    C. Duodenum
    D. Stomach