A spirometry report of a patient with a history of smoking shows a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio and a decreased diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). These findings are consistent with emphysema. What cellular alteration in the lungs contributes to these findings?
Group of answer choices

Hypersecretion of mucus in the bronchi

Thickening of bronchial walls

Reduced alveolar surface area

Overproduction of surfactant by type II pneumocytes

The correct answer is:

Reduced alveolar surface area