2 out of 2 points
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The nursing student is surprised to learn that bacteria are used when creating medications using recombinant DNA. How should the nursing instructor explain the connection? |
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| Selected Answer: |
D.
Because genes of all organisms are similar, we can manipulate the bacteria to produce specific proteins. |
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A.
It is not really the bacteria that is used for this process but a substance in the bacteria called DNA ligase. |
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B.
Bacteria are injected into human DNA proteins so that the bacteria now act like cells in the human body. |
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C.
Bacteria produce enzymes that are used to manipulate the human cells, which then produce the medication. |
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D.
Because genes of all organisms are similar, we can manipulate the bacteria to produce specific proteins. |
| Response Feedback: |
Rationale: The gene isolation and cloning methods used in recombinant DNA technology rely on the fact that the genes of all organisms, from bacteria through mammals, are based on a similar molecular organization. If this were not the case, the process would not be possible. The bacteria are not creating enzymes for this purpose nor can bacteria be injected “into” DNA. DNA ligase is only an enzyme used in the process of joining the DNA fragment to the bacterial vector when performing the procedure; the bacteria is what is used in recombinant technology. |
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2 out of 2 points
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A 45-year-old client who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial accident several years prior is being assessed. Which phenomena may underlie the genetic changes that have been noted in the client? |
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| Selected Answer: |
B.
Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation in the accident. |
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A.
The radiation may have produced redundant or degenerate genetic code. |
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B.
Base pairs may have been rearranged by the radiation in the accident. |
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C.
Two paired bases may have exchanged helical position after the accident. |
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D.
Endonucleases may have influenced the DNA structure following exposure. |
| Response Feedback: |
Rationale: Radiation exposure can cause the rearrangement of base pairs and resultant mutation. Endonucleases facilitate gene repair, and base pairs are not noted to swap positions from their respective sides of the helical strand. Redundant or degenerate genetic code is a normal trait. |
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2 out of 2 points
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A student is explaining to her colleague the different methods that are available for genetic mapping. Which of the colleague’s statements indicates a need for further teaching? |
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| Selected Answer: |
A.
“In situ hybridization focuses on genes that can express themselves in cell culture.” |
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A.
“In situ hybridization focuses on genes that can express themselves in cell culture.” |
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B.
“If hybrid cells were stable, somatic cell hybridization would not be viable.” |
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C.
“Gene dosage studies involve the measurement of enzyme activity as a reflection of genetic activity.” |
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D.
“I know that linkage studies are rooted in the exchange of genes that occurs during meiosis.” |
| Response Feedback: |
Rationale: In situ hybridization examines genes that do not express themselves in cell culture. The rationale for linkage studies exists in the genetic exchange of genes that occurs during meiosis, and gene dosage is a reflection of gene activity. Somatic cell hybridization necessitates the fact that hybrid cells degrade during division. |
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2 out of 2 points
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Which client cases are receiving treatment that has been developed utilizing recombinant DNA techniques? Select all that apply. |
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A.
Client with end-stage renal disease receiving erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production. |
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C.
Stroke victim receiving tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve the thrombi. |
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Client with end-stage renal disease receiving erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production. |
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B.
Mother undergoing amniocentesis to diagnose a congenital adrenal hyperplasia. |
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C.
Stroke victim receiving tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve the thrombi. |
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D.
Client undergoing detection of gene location by chemically tagging DNA or RNA sequences. |
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E.
Couple going to an infertility clinic for diagnostic testing. |
| Response Feedback: |
Rationale: Recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to produce proteins that have therapeutic properties. These include erythropoietin, which is used to stimulate RBC production; and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which is frequently administered to dissolve thrombi. In situ hybridization involves the use of specific sequences of DNA/RNA to locate genes. Prenatally, the autosomal recessive disorder, congenital adrenal hyperplasia is diagnosed through amniocentesis. |
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